DaystoPatch

SAPExploited incident

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer deserialization flaw chained with CVE-2025-31324 (CVE-2025-42999)

CVE-2025-42999Critical, CVSS 9.1In CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog since 15 May 2025

  • Exploited before a fix
  • Known ransomware use
FixedFixed for every supported version on the day it became public.
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Response

Silence
0h
First public report to first vendor statement
Exposure
same day
First public report to first fix
Follow-through
same day
First public report to a fix for every supported version
  • Vendor silent
  • Vendor statement, no fix
  • Fixed for some versions
  • Fixed when disclosed
  • Date only, no time of day

Timeline and evidence

Open a moment to see its source and archived quote.

  1. First public report

    CVE-2025-42999 record (CNA: SAP)CuratedQuote verified

    "datePublished":"2025-05-13T00:17:43.710Z"

    First public information about this bug; exploitation was reported only later (see notes).

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    sha256:7c2356694c078812…
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    3 more sources for this moment
    CVE.org record CVE-2025-42999ClaimedQuote verified13 May 2025, 00:17 UTC

    SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is vulnerable when a privileged user can upload untrusted or malicious content which, when deserialized, could potentially lead to a compromise of

    CVE record published.

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    Bluesky postClaimedQuote not checked yet13 May 2025, 00:44 UTC

    You can now share your thoughts on vulnerability CVE-2025-42999 in Vulnerability-Lookup:

    Earliest third-party post we hold.

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    Bluesky post social
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    CISA KEV (CVE-2025-42999)ClaimedQuote verified15 May 2025

    SAP NetWeaver Deserialization Vulnerability

    Added to CISA's KEV catalog on 2025-05-15.

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    Claimed. The date the source gives.
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    Found in the archived copy
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    sha256:ef8fffede5c47200…
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  2. Vendor statement

    at disclosure

    CVE-2025-42999 record (CNA: SAP)CuratedQuote verified

    "datePublished":"2025-05-13T00:17:43.710Z"

    Recorded time
    Precision
    To the minute
    Origin
    Curated. Found by a researcher, with a verbatim quote and link.
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    Found in the archived copy
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    sha256:7c2356694c078812…
    Used in metrics
    Yes
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  3. First workaround

    No official mitigation found yet.

  4. First fix

    date onlysame day

    SAP Security Patch Day - May 2025 (Wayback capture 2025-05-13 09:23 UTC)CuratedQuote verified

    On 13th of May 2025, SAP Security Patch Day saw the release of 16 new Security Notes.

    The list includes Note 3604119 '[CVE-2025-42999] Insecure Deserialization in SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server)', VCFRAMEWORK 7.50, CVSS 9.1.

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  5. Fixed for all versions

    date onlysame day

    SAP Security Patch Day - May 2025 (Wayback capture 2025-05-13 09:23 UTC)CuratedQuote verified

    Insecure Deserialization in SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server)

    VCFRAMEWORK 7.50 is the only supported affected line listed. Row: '[CVE-2025-42999] Insecure Deserialization in SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server)', note 3604119; the quote omits the linked CVE number to avoid markup boundaries.

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    Curated. Found by a researcher, with a verbatim quote and link.
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    Found in the archived copy
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    sha256:a00912e6c61bd8d9…
    Used in metrics
    Yes
    Dispute this timestamp

Send this to your boss

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer deserialization flaw exploited; fixed May 13, 2025

A deserialization flaw in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer was used together with CVE-2025-31324 in attacks on SAP systems before SAP fixed it on May 13, 2025.

In plain words

SAP NetWeaver had a second flaw that attackers combined with an earlier one to take over SAP systems. Researchers say it was used in attacks from April 2025, and SAP fixed it on May 13, 2025. If we run SAP NetWeaver with Visual Composer, we need this May 13, 2025 fix in addition to the April 24, 2025 fix, and a check for break-ins.

What happened and who is affected

What happened

While investigating the CVE-2025-31324 attacks, Onapsis reconstructed one of the early attacks and reported a second flaw to SAP. SAP fixed it as CVE-2025-42999 (CVSS 9.1) in Security Note 3604119 on May 13, 2025. ReliaQuest later wrote that both flaws have been actively exploited since CVE-2025-31324 was disclosed in April 2025, and that an exploit leaked in August 2025 chains the two.

Who is affected

SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java systems with the Visual Composer framework (VCFRAMEWORK 7.50) installed. On its own the flaw needs a privileged user; in the attacks it was combined with CVE-2025-31324, which needs no login.

CVE-2025-42999. Reviewed 23 Oct 2026. https://daystopatch.com/incidents/sap-cve-2025-42999/

Affected products

  • SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server, VCFRAMEWORK 7.50)
How we built this timeline

Split from sap-cve-2025-31324 in the 23 Oct 2026 correction pass (R7: chained with CVE-2025-31324 but disclosed 19 days later); cross-reference sap-cve-2025-31324. exploited before a fix=true (R4): ReliaQuest (update of 15 Aug 2025): 'Although both vulnerabilities have been actively exploited since the disclosure of CVE-2025-31324, earlier discussions suggested that actors could be leveraging them together.' Onapsis: 'In early May, the Onapsis Research Labs were able to fully reconstruct one of the “first wave” attacks targeting CVE-2025-31324 on SAP systems' and shared it with SAP, which released Note 3604119 on 13 May 2025 ('This patch fixes the root cause of CVE-2025-31324.'). Exploitation before the 13 May 2025 fix was made public only afterwards, so world = the CVE publication and exposure is zero.

CVSS 9.1 from SAP (CNA; PR:H).

KEV added 15 May 2025; ransomware=true follows KEV ('Known'). SAP Notes are behind SAP login, so SAP's public CVE record and Patch Day page are cited.

Related

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